Heat-Resistant Stainless Steel Round Bar
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Heat-resistant round bar – steel built for flames and hot gases
Heat-resistant steel keeps its resistance to oxidation – in other words, to scaling – at temperatures where ordinary stainless steel quickly starts to flake. This comes from a high chromium content of 12 to 26% plus additions of silicon and aluminum, which build a dense oxide layer on the surface. Two families of grades are stocked here. Austenitic chromium-nickel steels (1.4845, 1.4841, 1.4828, 1.4842, 1.4864) are ductile, weld well and tolerate cyclic heating. Ferritic chromium and chromium-aluminum steels (15X25T, 1.4742, 1.4724) cope better with sulfur-bearing gases, but they are harder to weld and lose ductility after long exposure to heat. For a broader overview, read our article Heat-resistant steel: grades and industrial applications.
Grades in stock and how they are designated
Most of the range consists of 1.4845 bar, i.e. X8CrNi25-21 (AISI 310S), and 1.4841 bar, i.e. X15CrNiSi25-21 – listed in older catalogs as X15CrNiSi25-20 and known in the US as AISI 314. Bar sold as 15X25T (its GOST designation) is a titanium-stabilized ferritic chromium steel; the closest European grade is generally taken to be 1.4749 – see 15X25T steel as an equivalent of grade 1.4749 for details. The range is rounded out by 1.4742 (X10CrAlSi18), 1.4724 (X10CrAlSi13) and a few items in 1.4828, 1.4842 and 1.4864. Our product names use the EN / AISI format, e.g. "1.4845 / 310S", and the grade of each heat is confirmed by an EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
Chemical composition and service temperature
| Grade | C | Cr | Ni | Si | Al | Max. temp. in air* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4845 / 310S | ≤ 0.10 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | ≤ 1.50 | – | approx. 1050 °C |
| 1.4841 / 314 | ≤ 0.20 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | 1.50–2.50 | – | approx. 1150 °C |
| 1.4828 | ≤ 0.20 | 19.0–21.0 | 11.0–13.0 | 1.50–2.50 | – | approx. 1000 °C |
| 1.4742 | ≤ 0.12 | 17.0–19.0 | – | 0.70–1.40 | 0.70–1.20 | approx. 1000 °C |
| 1.4724 | ≤ 0.12 | 12.0–14.0 | – | 0.70–1.40 | 0.70–1.20 | approx. 850 °C |
Values in % by mass per EN 10095. *Approximate maximum service temperature in dry air; it is lower in sulfur-bearing flue gas, in steam and under frequent heating and cooling. Equivalents: 1.4845 = UNS S31008 · 1.4841 = UNS S31400.
Diameters Ø 8–120 mm and cutting
This category lists more than 1,000 heat-resistant bars with diameters from Ø 8 to Ø 120 mm. Every size is sold in lengths such as 10 cm or 1 m, and on request we cut bar to length – handy when you are making a few brackets or anchors. Each product page shows the theoretical weight, so you can compare the price per piece with the price per kilogram. Heat-resistant bar is produced to EN 10095; permissible diameter deviations are listed on our round bar tolerances page.
Applications of heat-resistant bar
1.4841 and 1.4845 bar is used for grates, supports and load guides in heat-treatment furnaces, hooks and hangers for quenching baskets, roller shafts in continuous furnaces, anchors holding refractory linings, and burner components. In biomass and solid-fuel boilers it goes into grate parts and baffles, while ceramics and glass plants use it for supports and holders in the firing zone. Ferritic 15X25T and 1.4742 bar is chosen for sulfur-containing atmospheres, and the high-nickel grade 1.4864 for carburizing atmospheres.
Heat-resistant or creep-resistant? When is 321 enough?
Heat resistance describes resistance to scaling, not mechanical strength at high temperature – that property belongs to creep-resistant steels. We explain the difference in Heat-resistant vs. creep-resistant steel: the differences. At moderate temperatures, lower-cost 321 / 1.4541 stainless round bar or 304 / 1.4301 round bar is often sufficient, roughly up to 800 °C. 316L round bar, on the other hand, is designed to resist corrosion in liquids and chlorides, not to work in a flame.
See also: heat-resistant seamless tube, heat-resistant sheet 1.4828 / 1.4845 / 1.4749 and other grades in our stainless round bar category.