316L Stainless Steel Round Bar
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1.4404 bar – corrosion-resistant stock for turned parts
1.4404 (AISI 316L), or X2CrNiMo17-12-2, is an austenitic chromium-nickel steel alloyed with 2–2.5% molybdenum. Molybdenum reinforces the passive layer exactly where ordinary 304 starts to give up: in contact with chlorides, brine, seawater, organic acids and disinfectants. With carbon limited to 0.030%, the bar – or a part turned from it – can be welded into an assembly without the risk of sensitization to intergranular corrosion. 316L cannot be hardened, is virtually non-magnetic in the solution-annealed condition and stays tough at low temperatures as well.
1.4401 / 1.4404 / 316 / 316L – one bar, several specifications
Our bar listings use two formats: "1.4404 / 316L" and "1.4401 / 1.4404 / 316 / 316L". The second denotes multi-certified material whose chemistry and mechanical properties meet the requirements of both standard 316 and low-carbon 316L at the same time. In practice you get steel with no more than 0.030% carbon and the strength required for 316.
316L round bar chemical composition
| Grade | C | Cr | Ni | Mo | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4404 / 316L | ≤ 0.030 | 16.5–18.5 | 10.0–13.0 | 2.0–2.5 | ≤ 0.10 |
| 1.4401 / 316 | ≤ 0.07 | 16.5–18.5 | 10.0–13.0 | 2.0–2.5 | ≤ 0.10 |
Values in wt.% per EN 10088-1. Equivalent designations: 1.4404 = X2CrNiMo17-12-2 = AISI 316L = UNS S31603 · 1.4401 = X5CrNiMo17-12-2 = AISI 316 = UNS S31600.
Ø 6–210 mm, cut to length
The category holds close to 900 316L bars – from Ø 6 mm for pins, bolts and shafts up to Ø 210 mm for hubs, coupling discs and valve bodies. Every diameter is offered in fixed lengths, and on request we cut the bar to length to reduce machining waste. The product page shows the theoretical weight, so the material cost per kilogram is easy to calculate. Bar in this grade is most often produced to EN 10088-3 or ASTM A276 / A479, and bar for pressure equipment to EN 10272 – the 3.1 certificate states the standard for each heat. Permitted diameter deviations are summarized on our round bar dimensional tolerances page.
Where 316L round bar is used
316L bar is the standard material for valve and pump parts that run in liquids: valve stems and spindles, small pump shafts, impellers machined from solid, nozzles and nipples. Food and pharmaceutical plants turn it into agitators, end caps and parts for CIP lines that circulate aggressive cleaning chemicals. On yachts and in harbors it is used for pins, fittings and block sheaves, and in wastewater treatment plants for fasteners and anchors submerged in water. 316L fasteners (property class A4) are best combined with structures from the same grade family to avoid galvanic cells.
316L, 316Ti or duplex?
Corrosion resistance of 316L and 1.4571 / 316Ti stainless round bar is very similar – 316Ti contains titanium to tie up carbon and is sometimes specified in the documentation of equipment operating at elevated temperatures. When a shaft or pin carries high loads in chloride service, a material with higher yield strength and a higher PREN is the better pick, namely 1.4462 duplex round bar. In dry, chloride-free conditions the more economical 304 / 1.4301 stainless round bar is usually enough, and for hot-service parts with no chloride exposure there is 321 / 1.4541 round bar. If the part must be hard – a sliding pin, for instance – go for hardenable martensitic round bar, keeping in mind that its corrosion resistance is lower than that of 316L.
See also: 316L / 1.4404 seamless tube, 316L / 1.4404 stainless sheet and all grades in the stainless round bar category.